The impact of Artificial Intelligence on precision Higgs Boson physics

Particle physics has a long history of developing sophisticated simulators, from modeling proton collisions to creating virtual detectors. Now, we're integrating Artificial Intelligence through "Neural Simulation Based Inference," which helps analyze complex phenomena that cannot be to computed analytically from first principles.

 This approach is highlighted by recent work from the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, which has provided new insights into quantum interference in a rare Higgs boson decay. We also touch on how biases ("known unknowns") are modeled, as showcased in the recent Fair Universe HiggsML uncertainty challenge at NeurIPS 2024.

 Separately, advances in AI generative models, which allow to generate fake images, can be harnessed to emulate particle physics simulators, albeit with specific challenges which will be presented.